When the Constitution of India was being drafted, fifteen women represented the country, where most of the women could not even read and write. Yet they were shaping laws that would govern the largest democracy on the earth. Their contributions gave meaning to equality, citizenship and freedom in India. Their lived experiences, courage and expertise infused the Constitution of India with moral and social depth. These women debated citizenship, minority rights, labour protection and education. This is the true essence of the Indian democracy. When we regard the Indian Constitution, the brilliance of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar rightly deserves recognition. His name dominates every story about its creation. Yet his voice in the Constituent Assembly was never alone.

Every nation has its heroes, but some voices are left out in the history. When India’s Constitution was drafted, fifteen women contributed into the Constituent Assembly, dominated by the males, privileged and powers. They bore lived experiences of castes, class and poverty. They insisted on the fact that the democracy must mean more than high ideals. They wrote with ink that was not only legal, but also humane. Their courage ensured that India’s Constitution was not only the framework of governance but also the promise of dignity.

These Women Insisted on the Progress for the Underprivileged

Ammu Swaminathan:  She is from the family of privileged upper class background. She argued for the idea of the Indian citizen regardless of caste or community. Her subtle yet effective interventions helped the Constituent Assembly move away from ‘Hindu–Muslim’ or ‘upper–lower’ caste divides. In a partitioned India, which was caste-torn, her contribution was radical.

Annie Mascarene:  A voice from Travancore, she was the first woman on the Travancore State Congress Working Committee. She battled conservative forces that resisted women’s participation. Her presence in the Constituent Assembly showed that leaders from major presidencies and voices from the diverse regions drafted the Constitution of India. Begum Aizaz Rasul:  One of the very few Muslim women in the Constituent Assembly, she was a staunch advocate of secularism and unity. She opposed separate electorates and communal divides. At the sensitive time of partition, she chose unity over separation, insisting that India must be a shared home for all.

An Echo of Freedom

Dakshayani Velayudhan:  Coming from the Dalit background, she earned the degree at a time when it was rare. Her lived experiences of caste discrimination gave her arguments moral force. She defended the need to safeguard the interests of the scheduled castes and urged the Constituent Assembly to look beyond abstract ideas.

Durgabai Deshmukh – Founder of the Andhra Mahila Sabha and a criminal lawyer, she argued for legal protection for women, widows and those trapped in exploitative situations. Her sharp debates on judiciary, fundamental rights and social welfare emphasised that if women were denied justice, society itself would fail.

Hansa Mehta was the President of the All India Women’s Conference and a member of the UN Commission on Human Rights; she famously changed the wording of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from ‘All men are born free and equal’ to ‘All human beings are born free and equal’.  She challenged patriarchy in language and thought, demanding equal pay, opportunity and dignity.

Literary and Educational Voices

Kamla Chaudhary:  A renowned Hindi fiction writer, she brought sensitivity to debates in the Constituent Assembly. Her stories explored women’s inner lives. This reminds others that laws on marriage, inheritance or education shaped emotions and futures. Her literary perspective ensured that the Constitution of India remained alive and relevant to everyday lives.

Leila Roy:  She was a close associate of Subhash Chandra Bose. She deeply engaged herself with women’s education. She argued that girls should not be the first to be pulled out of school in times of scarcity. For her, education was the foundation of freedom and democracy.

The Dignity of Peasants and Labourers

Malati Choudhury:   She worked among the rural poor of Odisha. She brought their concerns to national attention. For her, land rights, fair wages and protection from exploitation were central tests of democracy. She reminded the Constituent Assembly that mostly India lived in the villages.

Purnima Banerjee:  Secretary of the Allahabad City Congress, she emphasised social welfare as integral to the freedom. She argued that the right to vote meant little, if poverty, disease and illiteracy prevented the people from exercising it.

Health, Social Reform, and Symbolic Power

Rajkumari Amrit Kaur:   She was the Cofounder of the All India Women’s Conference and later India’s first Health Minister.  She fought against the evils of child marriage and for women’s education. Her influence shaped provisions on public health and social welfare.

Renuka Ray:   A social worker and advocate for the welfare of women and children, she argued that education was a right, not a luxury. Her perspective helped the Constituent Assembly in shaping proactive state responsibility in removing social evils.

Sarojini Naidu:  The ‘Nightingale of India’, she became the first woman Governor of an Indian State. Her poetic speeches gave emotional energy to the Constitution of India, embodying the truth that women belonged to the centre of politics.

Sucheta Kripalani:  She sang Vande Mataram in the Constituent Assembly and later she became India’s first woman Chief Minister. Her journey showed that the Constitution of India was not just a text to admire but a platform for women to rise to the highest positions in life.

Vijayalakshmi Pandit:  Nehru’s sister and later the first woman President of the UN General Assembly, she represented India’s global identity. Her presence in the Constituent Assembly signalled that the Constitution of India was not only about internal arrangements but also about India’s place in the community of nations in the world.

Their Ink Still Matters

Together, these fifteen women widened the vision of the Constituent Assembly and thereby widened the vision of the Constitution of India. Ambedkar gave it a powerful skeleton of rights, structure and justice. The women added everyday realities viz. caste, gender, poverty, literacy, health and home.

They asked questions that still resonate:

• Who counts as a citizen when society is divided into caste, class and gender ?
• What good is a right, if women are too afraid or too poor to claim it ?
• What does freedom mean to a widow, a peasant or an illiterate girl in a village ?

Their answers shaped laws, we now take for granted viz. equality before law, protection from discrimination, universal franchise and state responsibility for education and welfare.

Conclusion: Their Ink Still Writes Our Future

The Constitution of India is often remembered as Ambedkar’s masterpiece but it breathes because of the fifteen women, who gave it the soul. They asked questions that still challenge us today: Who counts as a citizen? What good is a right, if it cannot be claimed? What does freedom mean to those at the margins?

Every time a girl enters a classroom, every time a woman demands equal pay, every time a citizen votes without fear of caste or creed, their ink moves silently across time. These women were not footnotes; they are its unwritten chapters, as they were architects of justice.

To honour them is not just to remember the history. It is to recognise that the democracy is unfinished till the time the equality is a living demand and that the ink of these fifteen women still awaits for us to pick up the pens and write for their own freedom and dignity not only in the country but also in the world.

Check out our latest article “The Robin Hood of the Ravi” here!

Lohri ties and connects history folklore and cultural tradition. In winter, when bonfires light up in the North India, the scent of til (sesame seeds) and gur (jaggery) fills the air along with smoke. Punjabi’s children chant the folk song ‘sundar mundariye ho!’ Most consider Lohri as a celebration of harvest and warmth. It seems simple with songs, popcorn, groundnuts and light hearted festivity, celebrated at night.  Lohri carries a second quieter layer to it. A tale of defiance to power, land and rebellion is at the route of it all.  It is a farmers revolt that shook an the mighty Mughal Empire under the reign of then greatest Mughal Emperor, Akbar.

Rai Abdullah Khan Bhatti, as the people remember him only as Dulla Bhatti, who is called Robin Hood of the Ravi. A farmer’s son, who defied the greatest Mughal Emperor, Akbar.  The Mughal ruler considered him as a bandit, whereas the people of the rural Punjab considered him a folk Hero –  a saviour. He dared to challenge the emperor Akbar’s oppressive land revenue system.

The revenue tax that ignited the people to rise in revolt and rebellion.

In the 16th century, Akbar’s Finance Minister, Raja Todar Mal, introduced the ‘Zabt or the Dasala system’. On records, it seemed to be a very fair and orderly land revenue system.  But from the point of  view of the payers, i.e. the farmers, it was suffocating, crushing and burdensome for them in the practical sense. This tax system left farmers impoverished, because they had to pay it in cash. It was based on a ten- year average produce. It was one third of the farmer’s revenue in cash. This was mainly considered on the fertile plains of ‘Sandal Bar’ which is between the rivers Ravi and Chenab. 

Dulla’s father and grandfather resisted this tax system.  As a punishment, they faced execution. Their execution was supposed to be serving as a stern warning for the other farmers, it triggered something else.  This did not serve as a grim warning.  It ignited the rebellion by the farmers against the then imposed land revenue system.

Young Dulla grew up amidst stories of vengeance, justice and a sacred right to till one’s own land freely. Dulla perceived the incident as a force that had killed his kins and claimed his land. He collected some people and started a Guerrilla Army that struck at Mughal caravans and Treasures. It became a full-fledged peasant insurgency. Farmers and their sympathisers began ambushing the Mughal convoys. They plundered goods, grain, sugar, supplies and cash moving between Delhi, Lahore and Kabul. These acts weakened the Mughal control over Punjab countryside.

A true hero

Dulla was known as ‘the Robin Hood of Punjab’ as he redistributed the loot among the farmers and the poor.  According to the Court of Law, he was a criminal, a dacoit or a trouble maker.  According to the common people, he was the saviour, their ‘Sher- e Punjab’ – a lion that guarded their dignity and interests.

The Emperor, therefore, lost control on the countryside, as Dulla enriched the impoverished people with the looted treasures. Ultimately, Akbar was forced to move his capital to Lahore to keep rebellious Punjab and Dulla’s uprising under a watch. Dulla was indeed a local justice.

Sundar and Munder, the Legends in the song, ‘Lohri chorus’, echoes of Dulla Bhatti’s bravery. The folktale of Sundar and Munder. Mughal officers harassed these two orphaned sisters. They wanted to abduct the sisters for the Harem or slavery. Dulla rescued them, arranged their marriages and stood symbolically as their fathers. He did not have the riches to give them the dowry. But he gave them one kilogram (a ser) of sugar as the dowry. Till today, this example explains the famous and humble but significant ‘Lohri offerings’ of jaggery and til (Sesame seeds). 

Lohri’s traditional offerings of jaggery and sesame seeds stands as a code of rebellion, sugar for dowry, shawls for hardships and bonfires for sacrifice. This is to remember the two sisters and the saving their grace by Dulla Bhatti. In the sweet exchange of offerings, there is bitter oppression at its roots. Singing these folk songs, somehow, reiterate the story of Dulla’s defiance to the Mughal Emperor and his oppressive land revenue system.

Dulla met a treacherous and betrayed end.

He was captured and executed in Lahore around the time of 1599. In the words of sufi sage poet, Shah Hussain’s words, ‘No honourable son of Punjab will ever sell the soil of Punjab’ describes him in the best possible manner. Dulla Bhatti’s remains are in a Grave that is unmarked, unadorned and quiet in Miani Saheb cemetery.

The month of January brings back memories of this great savior. He turned rebellion into rhythm and harvest songs into history. Every Flame of Lohri rekindles his spirit, refreshes the memory of that one man, who stood up for his land and the people. Dulla subtly reigns forever in the spirit and in the memory of the people of Punjab. He warms every winter night with the memory of his courage that turned it into the song.

The girls that he saved from probable slave markets and imperial Harem are remembered. The modest, yet deeply symbolic offering of the one ser of sugar as a dowry, an ingredient that is common in everyday life and is used in every home represented an act of solidarity.

The verse ‘Dulla Bhatti wala Ho!’ directly names the hero and sings praise of his resistance protection and shared joy. Through this, a community immortalised in the language of both, the song and sugar.  He restores a balance, a so-called bandit, who has become the saviour for the people of Punjab.

An Invitation to celebrate, reminisce and pay respect

Lohri is the festival anchored in the story of Dulla Bhatti, seasonal change and agrarian cycle. It is linked to the land, justice and the protection of the vulnerable people. Each time ,we notice a bonfire, regard that brave farmer’s son, who ‘stood his ground’ to ‘till his ground’. Every time we hear of a humble dowry, remember the emotions behind it are much greater the the goods involved. Each piece of gur (jaggery) or til (sesame seeds) reiterates the tale of a common man, who turned grief into courage and courage into song. We can follow these folk songs back through smoke and time, learn our lessons and overcome our oppressions. We could unlock a whole new world of inspirations from some of these unsung heroes.

Check out our latest article Echoes of Tradition: Art That Thrived Offline here!

IIndia’s living heritage has roots of resilience. Across centuries, India’s artistic traditions have flourished in an offline ecosystems of the family, community and culture. These crafts and rituals, whether embroidery, painting, metalwork or storytelling carry within them the essence of resilience, creativity and devotion. They thrived long before the age of the social media. This proves that true artistry does not depend on the validation of the people, who are active online through the social media. It depends on the passion and dedication of artisans and communities.

These skills have weathered challenges, being handed down to the respective artisans through generations. The motifs   and rituals  along with their respective legacy continued to thrive, which is a living testimony to India’s cultural legacy. Together, they form a mosaic of heritage. It is not only exquisite in its diversity but also enduring in its contribution to the nation’s identity.

Living Legacies: Indian Folk Art Traditions

Rogan Art from Kutch, Gujarat is an exquisite oil-based painting on cloth. Rogan Art uses castor oil and pigment paste to create intricate designs. For over 300–400 years, the Khatri family of Nirona has safeguarded this tradition. It once adorned ghagras, bridal fabrics, and wall hangings. Today, its artistry extends to diverse objects, thriving through the patronage of communities and tourists.

Pichai Paintings from Rajasthan & Gujarat is originally temple backdrops. Pichai paintings depict Krishna as Srinathji. These sacred cloths were integral to daily and seasonal rituals at Vaishnava shrines. It sustained within temple ecosystems and pilgrimage networks. The art remains a devotional expression of faith and lineage.

Warli Paintings from Maharashtra is born from tribal traditions. Warli paintings employ a pictographic style, of white pigment on red or ochre mud walls. With simple human and animal forms, they narrate community life of sowing, harvesting, marriage, and rituals. It is preserved orally and visually, and continue to be passed down through generations.

Pattachitra from Odisha & Bengal is a vibrant scroll paintings crafted with mineral and vegetable colours. It is sealed with lacquer. Pattachitra narrates epics and Jagannath stories. It is painted on cloth or palm leaves. These works by ‘Chitrakars’ have survived through temple commissions, village fairs, and itinerant storytelling, keeping myth and memory alive. This highlights the continuity, cultural roots, and survival networks of each art form.

Echoes of Craft: Naga & Dhokra Traditions

Naga handicrafts from Nagaland are intricate creations in wood, cane, bamboo, jewellery and textiles. Naga handicrafts embody the material culture of the tribes. They once served daily needs, displays of rituals and even head‑hunting era status symbols. These works survived centuries of isolation and minimal outside visibility. Today, they stand as living testaments to resilience and artistry.

Dhokra Metal Casting from the central & eastern parts of India is a pre‑industrial marvel. Dhokra is the ancient lost‑wax technique of metal casting. Artisans shape figures, jewellery, utility objects and ritual pieces with timeless precision. It is passed down through nomadic and settled communities. This lineage has endured for centuries long before modern metallurgy. This preserves a craft that bridges utility, ritual and art. This proves the cultural depth, survival stories and artistry of the traditions.

Threads of Tradition: Kantha, Bandhani & Patola

Kantha from West Bengal is born from thrift and creativity. Kantha embroidery uses simple running stitches to fill motifs on layered old sarees, quilted together into vibrant textiles. It was once crafted mainly for family use. This domestic tradition was lovingly passed down from mothers to daughters. It remained anonymous for centuries. Kantha has now stepped into the spotlight as a celebrated design trend.

Bandhani & Patola from Gujarat and Rajasthan are centuries old textile arts. Their presence is evident in the medieval paintings and texts. Bandhani’s tie‑and‑dye precision and Patola’s double‑ikat mastery flourished within karkhana household systems. Local communities specialised in these crafts. It was sustained through lineage and devotion.  These art forms continue to thrive today as living symbols of India’s textile heritage.

This shows the intimacy of Kantha’s domestic roots and the community‑driven resilience of Bandhani and Patola.

Skills, Rituals & Art: Sacred Echoes of Tradition

Mata ni Pachedi from Gujarat is a vibrant textile art depicting the Mother Goddess. Mata ni Pachedi is painted on red cotton backgrounds using natural dyes and pigments. Nomadic Vaghris communities created these portable shrines as temples for ritual worship. Skilled artisans have kept these sacred tradition alive, portraying goddesses in diverse forms and mythological scenes.

Tholapavakoothu from Kerala is ‘Shadow leather puppetry’, or Tholapavakoothu, is a dramatic art form, performed in temples to narrate mythological tales. It is rooted in ritual storytelling. Dedicated families and the Pulaya community of Palghat preserve this craft.  They have passed the craft down through generations as a living cultural heritage.

Madhubani / Mithila Painting from Bihar and Nepal Region is created by women on mud walls and floors. They use rice paste and natural pigments. Madhubani paintings depict motifs tied to ritual functions and community life. It is transmitted within families. This art form embodies devotion, storytelling and the continuity of tradition across centuries.

Manjusha Art from Bihar originated in the 7th century A.D. Manjusha is a folk art, deeply connected to the legend of ‘Bihula–Bishahari’. It is a tale of love, sacrifice and devotion that is practised with vibrant colours. The Kumbhakar community crafted ritual boxes, while the Malakar community painted them. Once, it was on the verge of decline.  The government initiatives and the efforts by the local artisans helped in reviving the same.  This ensured its survival as a cultural treasure and heritage.

Timeless Threads of Tradition

Tradition carries a quiet and profound power. It is woven through the communities, families and generations. Each art form is a testament to human creativity, resilience and devotion. They thrived long before the age of Instagram or social media. These skills remind us that true artistry does not seek virtual applause. It flourishes through lived experiences, rituals and shared memory.

Let us support, cherish and celebrate all these crafts, not just as heritage but but also as the living inspirations. Since they continue to enrich our lives through reading, learning and engaging with them, we become part of the stories of these arts and related artisans ensuring that they shine even more for the generations to come.

Check out the article Wisdom of the Heart: Emotional Intelligence in Indian Traditions here!

The year 2025 was vibrant in the field of art and culture. This compilation throws light on all the significant events that have happened during the year. Every domain has had some kind of interesting discoveries, inventions or some new initiatives. This changed the course of history forever and will shape the future differently, for the future generations.

Creative Currents and Coins

The Government of India (RBI) has released a commemorative coin of ₹ 100 denomination on 13 September. This is to mark the birth centenary of the Assamese singer ‘Dr. Bhupen Hazarika’. 103 inscribed gold coins from the Vijayanagara era have been discovered. This was at a Chola-era Shiva temple in Kovilur village, Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu. This discovery sheds light on the temple construction activities during the reign of Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya.

The world’s first ‘Ramayana Wax Museum’ is now in Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the 32-feet tall monument based on Lord Shri Krishna’s divine conch ‘Panchjanya’ in Kurukshetra, Haryana. In August, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla announced that the House would have translation facilities available for all 22 languages. These are listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. 18 languages are already supported. In addition to it, Kashmiri, Konkani, and Santali have now been included. This makes it possible to translate proceedings into a total of 22 languages.

Festivals and Culture Chronicles

The ‘20th International Tipitaka Chanting Ceremony’ was held in Bodh Gaya, Bihar. In August, Maharashtra state government officially declared the public Ganeshotsav as a State Festival. In September, the annual Mela ‘Patt Mahotsav’ began in Bhaderwah, Jammu & Kashmir. Also, Telangana state set two new Guinness World Records during the ‘Bathukamma festival’. Andhra Pradesh has announced the declaration of the four-century-old chariot procession ‘Jagganna Thota Prabhala Teertham’ as a State Festival. The festival of Dipavali was included in the ‘UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity’.

‘HYD 2025’ A two- day art festival in Hyderabad showcased works of Indian masters. This was including MF Hussain and S. H Raza, documentaries on lost art forms, and workshops, plus the Keerthanam tribute to Telugu legends. It also covered the inauguration by filmmaker Sekhar Kammula, describing it as Hyderabad’s largest curated art showcase with 200+ artists.

Pratibha Academy Exhibition (Bengaluru, Dec 2025): Covered by The Hindu in the article “Exhibition showcases bold strokes by deft young hands of Bengaluru’s Pratibha Academy” (December 19, 2025). Hosted at the Indian Institute of World Culture, featuring 60 students and 100 artworks themed on Karnataka’s cultural aspect.

Historically significant events

Indias space achievements- ISRO successfully launched the CMS 03 communication satellite and the NISAR Earth observation satellite. India has growing space capabilities. Gaganyaan Mission ISRO conducted a key integrated Main Parachute Airdrop test for the Gaganyaan mission.

The Story where Monuments – Create History

The Taj Mahal, Agra is the most visited monument by domestic tourists in 2024-25 as per ‘India’s Heritage Footfall Ranking 2024-25’. UNESCO officially included the Indian city of Lucknow in its Creative Cities Network (UCCN) as a “City of Gastronomy”. India has submitted a dossier for listing Sarnath, the ancient Buddhist site at the UNESCO World Heritage Centre for the 2025-26 nomination cycle.

The Central Ministry of Rural Development organized ‘The Saras Livelihood Fair-2025’ from September 5 to 22, 2025. It was held at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium in New Delhi. The theme “Making of Lakhpati Didis – Empowering rural, women to become successful entrepreneurs and champions of Vocal for Local”. The Minister of State for Tribal Affairs Durgadas Uikey launched the world’s first digital tribal university- ‘Adi Sanskriti’. The Union Minister Manohar Lal launched ‘Bharat Bodh Kendra’ in May 2025 in New Delhi. Kalagram and Mahakumbh Cultural Village in Prayagraj is now well-known, where a 635-foot-wide entrance was created.

Recognition of Creative Brilliance

Premchandra Pukhrambam has been awarded the prestigious Lalit Kala Akademi Award 2025. for ‘Made Me Change’ (Wood Sculpture)’. The book “Ek Batey Bara’ has been awarded the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Children’s Literature Award 2025. This is in Hindi language and, its author is Sushil Shukla. Veteran Malayalam actor Mohanlal was honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award at the 71st National Film Awards 2025, held in New Delhi.

The year 2025 is significant for Vande Mataram because it marks the anniversary of India’s national song. It was first published by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. This milestone has sparked nationwide celebrations, political debates, and global cultural tributes. This reaffirms the song’s enduring role in India’s identity and unity. In sports there was an achievement, where the Indian Women’s Cricket team won the World Cup. It is a historical victory, which was celebrated all through the country.

In November, a statue of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, has been installed at the headquarters of UNESCO international organization. He was the architect of the Indian Constitution.  In October, President Droupadi Murmu visited the Sabarimala Ayyappa Temple located in Kerala state, becoming the first woman President of India to do so. In November, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s first Digital Tribal Freedom Fighters Museum at Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

Artistic Echoes – Pride and prestige

‘Tirumala Hills and Erra Matti Dibbalu’ of Andhra Pradeah state, have been included in UNESCO’s Tentative List. India’s Maratha Military Landscape (2025), comprising 11 forts in Maharashtra and one in Tamil Nadu, was inscribed in July 2025. This became India’s 44th UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Madhubani painting was gifted by India’s Defence Minister to his Chinese counterpart during the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) meeting.

Warship ‘Mahe’ (Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft – ASW-SWC) – The manufacturer is Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kochi. The emblem features the “Urumi” sword, associated with the ancient martial art of Kalaripayattu from Kerala. The motto of the ship is “Silent Hunters”.

Excavations and discoveries

In October, archaeologists identified Kotada Bhadli in Kutch, Gujarat, as a Harappan site with evidence of being the world’s earliest ‘caravanserai’ (travellers’ inn), dating back to 2300–1900 BCE. The sacred relics of Lord Buddha being sent to Kalmykia, Russia, were originally excavated from Piprahwa. This is an ancient site in Uttar Pradesh.

A rare 15th century lamp was found from the Antapadmanabha temple located in the state of Karnataka. In September, Prime Minister, Narendra Modi inaugurated the 524-year-old Tripura Sundari Temple in Udaipur, Gomati district, Tripura. This temple is one of the 51 Shakti Peethas of India, which makes it extremely significant religiously and culturally. This redevelopment project work was carried out under the central government’s ‘PRASAD’ scheme (Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive).

The ‘Maski Rock Edict’ is historically important because it was the first inscription to explicitly mention Emperor Ashoka by name. It gained renewed significance due to fresh archaeological discoveries in Maski that revealed a 4,000-year-old settlement, reshaping our understanding of the site’s layered heritage. An IIT Kanpur team discovered traces of 2000 year old buried Buddhist -stupas and structural remains in Yamuna Nagar Haryana.

2025 was nothing short of a cultural crusade

It had coins that honour legends and festivals that broke records. Some monuments entered UNESCO’s Hall of fame, and discoveries rewrote history. This article gathers them all into one narrative. It covers from the unveiling of India’s first Ramayana Wax Museum to new discoveries at the Maski site around Ashoka’s rock edict. It also celebrates the anniversary of Vande Mataram. It’s a journey through art, heritage, and imagination that shows how tradition and innovation were together this year. Relive the triumphs, treasures, and turning points that made 2025 unforgettable. This is the story you don’t want to miss.

Check out the article “Wisdom of the Heart: Emotional Intelligence in Indian Traditions”

Emotional intelligence is the ethical and spiritual legacy to enable a person at self – mastery and inner tranquility. Indian traditions do not regard it as a soft skill for professional success. Indian traditions rather emphasize emotional intelligence as a holistic integration of the body mind and soul. In contrast to the modern models of the West which focuses on perceiving or managing emotions to facilitate external outcomes.

Ancient Indian literature has some key concepts. The ‘Modern version’ of emotional intelligence is an expansion or parallel to the version provided in the Indian traditional texts. Emotional steadiness ‘sthitapragnya’ refers to a state of steady wisdom. Pleasures, pain, success or failures does not perturb an individual. Detached action ‘Nishkama karma’ in which an individual does not anticipate any outcome. They dutifully do what is required of them there is great wisdom in this detachment as in case of unfulfilled desires or the individual is not adversely affected. This prevents emotional instability discernment.

Discernment is used as the term ‘Viveka’ in Indian traditions. This wisdom enables an individual to distinguish between real or unreal, temporary world or permanent self – (atman). The term Rasa theory is mentioned in Indian tradition. This enables understanding of human emotions- (bhavas). The esthetic mood “Rasas” like ‘karuna’, – compassion or ‘vira’– courage are considered. This theory has wisdom in developing self- awareness and empathy.

Ancient Wisdom, Modern Emotional Strength

It is emotional intelligence in Indian traditions that gives social roles or duties its shape and form. It has roots in collectivist culture. Interdependence, Social harmony exists when people value the plural that is “we” rather than do the singular that is “me”. There is social maturity through this attitude. Indian traditions regard silence as well as restraint, as a sign of strength, power and inner clarity. Spiritual intelligence is closely correlated to emotional intelligence in a positive manner. Indian traditions value non – violence – ‘ahimsa’– kindness and benevolence.

When a person wants emotional regulation people use traditional practices as tools. Yoga or meditation is effective to restraint turbulent senses and bring focus to the mind. This leads to a person’s ‘samadhi’– or a state of transcendental happiness. It builds self – awareness through mindful breathing and body postures. It enables non – judgmental observation of emotions.

Emotions are the connecting path to success. The ability to perceive, interpret or manage emotions is ‘emotional intelligence’. Indian traditions give individuals opportunities to exercise these abilities and build a strong character. It determines personal and professional success. Emotions are a powerful guiding tool for individuals to attain lasting fulfillment self – awareness, self – regulation motivation empathy and social skills. It also helps the individual to balance their emotions and attain clarity, confidence and thereby success naturally follows in their life.

The approach that Indian traditions have towards emotional intelligence, is with optimism. It provides adaptability as well as the ability to channel their energy into constructive action. The mindset of an emotionally intelligent person attracts trust, cooperation and growth not only in their personal life but also in their professional life. These are the natural ingredients for success.

Practices That Train the Heart and Mind

These individuals perform better at work. They maintain healthier relationships and have a higher self – esteem and a life – satisfaction. Emotional intelligence provides the emotional stability to sustain long term progress. There is a ‘Ripple – effect’ of positive emotions. It extends beyond personal growth. In fact, Indian tradition incorporates breathing, chants and movements into their traditions which enables health and mental stability. This uplifts people, communities and thereby societies.

An individual can flourish through cooperation, they thrive in happiness, joy and most importantly inner peace. They then begin to live a meaningful and accomplished life.

Pranayama enhances emotional regulation.

It reduces stress responses and calms the mind. Regular practice enables patience, where the individual does not react on impulses but rather responds through thoughtfulness. Children learn social skills, understanding other’s emotions for harmony and adeptness through folklore like ‘Panchatantra’. The relatable characters and metaphors, in the Panchatantra work well for effective management of emotions.

Also, a great part of Indian Traditions is celebrating festivals. This serves as an emotional release as well as promotes peace and harmony. It builds social as well as emotional bonds. Symbols like lighting diyas in Diwali boosts oxytocin for trust. The festival of Holi encourages emotions of empathy, inclusivity, respectful play and honoring of other’s boundaries. The event of ‘Kunde Habba’ strengthens community ties through humorous emotional venting.

The gesture of ‘Namaste’ may seem rather simple, but it conveys respect this ‘Indian traditional custom’ of hospitality honours is the divine in others. It promotes empathy in greetings. The term ‘Atithi Devo Bhavo’ treats guests respectfully as divine. It builds the emotion of trust, generous hosting and boosts offerings. Such everyday interactions nurture cultural transmission from one generation to the other. It creates social and emotional awareness It motivates people to carry down the Indian traditions through enhancing emotional intelligence.

What truly matters in life.

Indian traditions work with wisdom to ultimately give the individual what truly matters in life. When individual’s emotional intelligence is right, success and positive outcomes automatically follow. It is beneficial in shaping life through everyday decisions or maintenance of relationships. Achievements are influenced by the ability to recognize these emotions. Indian traditions have a subtle, yet powerful way of knowing the self in order to enjoy the world. In contrast to the notion of conquering the world in order to know the ‘self’.

“In the quiet pulse of Indian traditions, emotional intelligence is not just learned, it is lived, reminding us that wisdom is not in conquering the world, but in harmonizing with its heartbeat.”

Check out the article “The 150th-Year Celebration of the Anthem of Unity and Patriotism” here!